通常，在書刊雜志印刷中排除膠印故障的步驟與方法是：觀察、思考、判斷、排除。要、準確，深入地了解故障發(fā)生的時間、位置及表現(xiàn)形式，然后再認真分析故障是由哪方面原因造成的，明晰故障原因后，再尋找解除故障的方法，排除故障。
Generally, the steps and methods to eliminate offset printing faults in book, magazine printing are observation, thinking, judgment and troubleshooting. Firstly, we should comprehensively, accurately and deeply understand the time, location and manifestation of the fault, and then carefully analyze the cause of the fault. After clarifying the cause of the fault, we can find the method to remove the fault and eliminate the fault.
墨杠是膠印生產(chǎn)中較難解決的一類故障，操作者大多感覺這是一個很棘手的問題，并且其產(chǎn)生的原因較多，所以，對墨杠故障的鑒定不但要靈活運用觀察、思考、判斷，還需要有較高的技術功底和操作技巧。比如，拿到有問題的印品，要觀察墨杠的特征，如粗細、數(shù)量、位置和墨杠之間的距離等，然后根據(jù)特征去分析產(chǎn)生的原因，從而進行正確判斷。下面根據(jù)生產(chǎn)實踐，簡單介紹常見墨杠的特征及其排除方法。
Ink bar is a kind of fault that is difficult to solve in offset printing production. Most operators feel that this is a very difficult problem, and there are many causes. Therefore, the identification of ink bar fault should not only flexibly use observation, thinking and judgment, but also have high technical skills and operation skills. For example, to get a problematic print, first observe the characteristics of the ink bars, such as thickness, quantity, position and the distance between the ink bars, and then analyze the causes according to the characteristics, so as to make a correct judgment. The following is a brief introduction to the characteristics of common ink bars and their elimination methods according to production practice.
等間距寬墨杠這種故障特征是墨杠間距等于齒輪節(jié)間距，多是由于滾筒齒輪磨損嚴重造成的。齒輪磨尖，側隙擴大，就會嚙合不準，產(chǎn)生顫動現(xiàn)象，導致相接觸的滾筒表面發(fā)生摩擦滑動而形成墨杠。其排除方法如下：
The fault feature of equal spacing wide ink bar is that the ink bar spacing is equal to the gear pitch, which is mostly caused by serious wear of drum gear. When the gear is sharpened and the side clearance is expanded, it will not mesh accurately and produce vibration, resulting in friction and sliding on the contact drum surface and the formation of ink bars. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①更換新齒輪；②如果條件許可，可以適當縮小中心距，將齒輪嚙合得更緊一些，使側隙達到0.10mm左右，但要避免頂齒事故發(fā)生；③改墊軟包襯，并合理調(diào)整印版滾筒與橡皮滾筒之間的壓力：壓縮量不超過0.10～0.15mm；橡皮滾筒與壓印滾筒之間的壓力：壓縮量不超過0.15～0.20mm。
① Replace the new gear; ② If conditions permit, the center distance can be appropriately reduced and the gear can be meshed tighter to make the side clearance reach about 0.10mm, but the top gear accident should be avoided; ③ Change the soft lining, and reasonably adjust the pressure between the printing plate cylinder and the rubber cylinder: the compression shall not exceed 0.10 ~ 0.15mm; Pressure between rubber drum and embossing drum: the compression amount shall not exceed 0.15 ~ 0.20mm.
在叼口處有幾條等間距寬墨杠膠印機使用一段時間以后，滾筒軸頭和軸套會不可避免地磨損，叼口受壓后立即產(chǎn)生離讓，引起滑動摩擦產(chǎn)生墨杠，磨損嚴重時甚會產(chǎn)生叼口重影。其排除方法如下：
There are several equally spaced wide ink bars at the mouth. After the offset press has been used for a period of time, the drum shaft head and shaft sleeve will inevitably wear. After the mouth is pressed, there will be separation immediately, resulting in sliding friction and ink bars. When the wear is serious, there will even be double shadow of the mouth. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①更換新軸套；②橡皮布內(nèi)墊襯紙時，叼口處墊成梯形，以減少叼口合壓時產(chǎn)生的撞擊力。
① Replace new shaft sleeve; ② When the rubber cloth is lined with paper, the mouth is padded into a trapezoid to reduce the impact force generated when the mouth is closed and pressed.
固定區(qū)域的墨杠圖片這種故障是由于印版滾筒和橡皮滾筒之間的壓力過大，橡皮布在擠壓作用下產(chǎn)生較大的摩擦滑動，從而造成網(wǎng)點變形而形成墨杠，如何鑒別這兩個滾筒之間的壓力是否過大，明顯的特征是合壓時發(fā)出“砰砰”的響聲，而且一般在印刷5000張以后，印版表面會發(fā)亮。其排除方法如下：
The failure of ink bar picture in the fixed area is due to the excessive pressure between the printing plate cylinder and the rubber cylinder, and the rubber blanket produces large friction and sliding under the extrusion action, resulting in the deformation of the dot and the formation of ink bars. How to identify whether the pressure between the two cylinders is too large? The obvious feature is that the "bang" sound is emitted when pressing, and generally after printing to 5000 sheets, The surface of the printing plate will shine. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①印版和橡皮布的襯墊應當數(shù)據(jù)化，印版襯墊厚度要掌握在標準值的±0.02mm內(nèi)，橡皮布襯墊厚度應使壓力盡量達到理想壓力，即印版滾筒與橡皮滾筒之間的壓力，其壓縮量不超過0.10～0.15mm；橡皮滾筒與壓印滾筒之間的壓力，其壓縮量不超過0.15～0.20mm；②如果按照上述數(shù)據(jù)進行墊襯時感到壓力還不夠，不要盲目地往橡皮布內(nèi)增加襯墊，應當檢查滾筒的中心距有無變動。檢查中心距的簡單辦法是，先用熔斷絲在滾枕上軋出一個數(shù)值，若兩頭相差0.03mm以上，說明中心距變動了，應進行復測，然后校正到標準數(shù)值，使兩頭保持一致；③若固定區(qū)域的墨杠只有一條時，應盡早檢查齒隙中是否嵌進硬物。另外，每周做一次定期的清潔保養(yǎng)工作，檢查和清理齒輪，這些措施都是很必要的。
① The liner of printing plate and blanket shall be digitized. The thickness of printing plate liner shall be within ± 0.02mm of the standard value. The thickness of blanket liner shall make the pressure reach the ideal pressure as far as possible, that is, the pressure between printing plate cylinder and rubber cylinder, and its compression shall not exceed 0.10 ~ 0.15mm; The compression of the pressure between the rubber drum and the embossing drum shall not exceed 0.15 ~ 0.20mm; ② If you feel that the pressure is not enough when lining according to the above data, do not blindly add pads to the rubber cloth, and check whether the center distance of the drum changes. The simple way to check the center distance is to roll a value on the roller pillow with a fuse. If the difference between the two ends is more than 0.03mm, it indicates that the center distance has changed, and it shall be retested, and then corrected to the standard value to keep the two ends consistent; ③ If there is only one ink bar in the fixed area, check whether hard objects are embedded in the backlash as soon as possible. In addition, it is necessary to do regular cleaning and maintenance once a week, check and clean the gears.
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